vCJD - UK donors now able to donate

The IBTS removed the permanent deferral regarding vCJD associated with UK residency and certain surgical procedures. This means that from 7th October 2019  donors who have been deferred by the IBTS for this reason or people who have not attended a clinic for this reason may now be eligible to give blood provided that they meet our other medical guidelines.  

Review of vCJD Risk in Donors Who Lived in the UK

In 2019 the IBTS undertook a comprehensive review of the vCJD risk associated with blood transfusion. The review concluded that the risk from UK residency (1980-1996) and certain procedures is low. 

Brain or Spinal Cord Surgery in the UK

Individuals who had brain or spinal cord surgery in the UK, or received blood transfusions in the UK or Ireland after 1980, are still ineligible to donate. This is because there is a high infectivity risk associated with these tissues. 

What is variant Creutzfeldt - Jakob Disease (vCJD)?  

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is the human form of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) also known as “Mad Cow Disease”. It is acquired by eating bovine meat containing central nervous system tissue from infected cattle that carry an abnormal prion protein. There are other forms of CJD some of which are inherited and these are not related to the food chain.  

vCJD Cases in the UK and Ireland

Since 1996, there have been 178 cases in the UK and 4 in Ireland, with no cases reported after 2006 or in people born after 1989.

Previous UK Deferral

At the peak of the UK epidemic, some patients with the disease had been blood donors. Investigations revealed that three blood recipients had died from the disease, indicating potential transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) through transfusions. A fourth recipient, who died of an unrelated condition, had abnormal prion proteins found at autopsy.

In 1999, the Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS) began removing white blood cells from donated blood, effectively preventing vCJD transmission. Since then, no cases of transfusion-transmitted vCJD have been reported with blood that underwent this process.

Why 1980 to 1996?

This period includes the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) epidemic in the UK, which lasted from 1980 to 1996. The first BSE cases in cattle were reported in 1986, and scientists estimate the incubation period is about five years, indicating BSE likely emerged around 1980. The disease is believed to have originated from cattle being fed processed meat and bone meal from other animals. The UK implemented control measures to reduce human exposure, fully enforcing them since 1996.

Future Risk of vCJD

The last reported case of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) in the UK was in 2016. While some cases may still occur, risk assessments predict a significantly lower number than initially expected, with no cases reported in individuals born after 1989. Stricter regulations have been established in the agri-food sector to prevent further outbreaks.

Family member who had vCJD - no donation restrictions 

A family history of vCJD is not a reason for deferral.  

Testing for vCJD

There is no test currently available for large scale screening of blood donors for vCJD.